PREFACE
All praise and gratitude I prayed to God Almighty, for His blessings and abundance rahmatNYAlah then I must complete a written work in a timely manner.Here the authors present a paper entitled "LIGHT DIFFRACTION", which I think can be of great benefit for us to study the process of Interference and Diffraction.
Through this preface the authors first apologize and beg proclamation which the contents of this paper when there is a shortage and there is an inscription that I created quite right or offend readers.
I hereby dedicate this paper with gratitude and may God SWT.memberkahi this paper so that it can provide benefits.
Best regards,
"Authors"
TABLE OF CONTENTS
WORD PENGANTAR......................................................................................................................LIST ISI.....................................................................................................................................
PART I PENDAHULUAN.................................................................................................................
A. Background Belakang.............................................................................................................................
B. Tujuan...........................................................................................................................................
C. Methods Penulisan.........................................................................................................................
CHAPTER II PEMBAHASAN..................................................................................................................
A. The explanation Diffraction Cahaya..........................................................................................................
B. Sample Soal..................................................................................................................................
PART I
PRELIMINARY
A. BACKGROUND
Light is a form of electromagnetic wave energy that is invisible to the eye with a wavelength of about 380-750 nm.
In the field of physics, light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of either visible or not.
In addition, the light is a particle called the package foton.Kedua the definition is indicated properties of light simultaneously so-called "wave-particle duality" of light called a spectrum .Paket then visually perceived by the senses of sight as known by the light of a study warna.Bidang designation optics, an important research area in modern physics.
There are two types of light, namely:
Monochromatic Light
Yanghanya light consists of one color and one wavelength.
Examples of red and violet light
polychromatic light
Light consisting of many colors and wavelengths.
Examples of white light
Properties of Light
1. Light travels straight
Widely used in motor vehicle lights and flashlights.
2. Light can penetrate translucent objects
Light that enters through the window because the house, but when the light on paper, cardboard, plywood, lumber, and the wall can only form an image.
3. The light can be reflected
For example when the mirror reflection will be seen because the reflected light of our body.
Ad 2 light reflection.
• Baur
The light that falls on the rough surface so irregular.
Examples pemantula incident light to the surface of the earth, where the Earth's surface has a rough surface that causes light into the room at home.
• Regularly
Light falling on slippery surfaces so regularly.
Examples reflection in the mirror.
4. The light can be refracted
Examples riverbeds look more shallow.
5. The light can be described
Examples of events formation of a rainbow
B. PURPOSE
Complete the task light material
C. METHOD OF WRITING
The method used in the manufacture of this paper is by browsing or searching on the Internet
CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
A. DEFINITIONS DIFFRACTION
In physics, is the phenomenon of wave diffraction, diffraction is based on the spread of the wave when facing obstacles or through a bit kendala.Difraksi occurs in all types of waves, sound waves, waves on the surface of the liquid and electromagnetic waves such as light and radio waves. This also happens when a group of waves propagate in a limited size, such as diffraction, a narrow beam of light waves of a laser eventually diverge into a wider beam at a distance from the emitter.
Miscellaneous diffraction, among others:
1. Fresnel Diffraction
Fresnel diffraction is a wave pattern at the point (x, y, z) by the equation:
Where:
And
is the imaginary unit.
2. Diffraction Fraunhofer
In the scalar diffraction theory (en: scalar diffraction theory), Fraunhofer diffraction is a wave pattern that occurs at a distance (en: far field) according to the Fresnel diffraction integral equation as follows:
[1]
The above equation shows that the wave pattern on the scalar diffraction Fresnel diffraction Fraunhoferakibat be planar on away field observations of field obstruction.
3. Single Slot Diffraction
A long slit with a width of infinitesimal will mendifraksi incident light beam into a row of circular waves and waves off the face of the gap will be a cylindrical wave with uniform intensity.
In general, in a complex monochromatic plane wave with a wavelength & lambda which passes through a single slit with a width d which lies in the plane x'-y ', diffraction occurs in the radial direction r can be calculated by the equation:
assuming the axis koordinaat right in the middle of the gap, x 'will be worth of up to, and y' from 0 to.
The distance r from the slit in the form of:
A gap of a width exceeding wavelength will have a lot of point sources (en: point source) that is spread evenly along the width of the gap. Diffraction of light at a certain angle is the result of interference from any source point and if faserelatif of interference varies over 2π, it will look at the minima and maxima and minima tersebut.Maksima diffracted light is the result of constructive and destructive wave interference on the interference maximum.
Fresnel diffraction / diffraction short distance that occurs in cracks with a width of four times the wavelength, the light from a point source at the top end of the gap will interfere destructively with a point source at the center of the gap. The distance between the two point sources are. Deduction from observation equation distance between each source point is destructive:
The first minima occur at an angle and theta age is:
Diffraction remotely to this observation can be calculated based on the Fraunhofer diffraction integral equation becomes:
where the sinc function in the form of a sinc (x) = sin (px) / (px) if x? 0, and sinc (0) = 1.
Each point on a single slit can be regarded as a source of sekunder.Selisih wave between the two files are separated by a distance d is d sin θ.
* Single-slit diffraction pattern.
4. Single Slot Diffraction
In the quantum mechanics, the double slit experiment carried out by Thomas Young demonstrated the inseparable nature daricahaya as waves and particles. A coherent light source that illuminates the field hitch with two slits to form an interference pattern of light waves in the form of a ribbon of light and dark on field observations, however, padabidang observation, found light is absorbed as discrete particles called photons. [3] [4]
Bright band of light in the field of observation occurs due to constructive interference, when the wave crests (en: crest) interfere with another wave crest, and forming maxima. Dark band of light that occurs when the peak gelombangberinterferensi by grounding wave (en: trough) and being minima. Constructive interference occurs when:
Where
λ is the wavelength of light
a is the distance between the gap, the distance between points A and B on the diagram on the right side
n is the order of the maximum observed (central maximum is n = 0),
x is the distance between the light and the central band maximum (also called fringe distance) in the field of observation
L is the distance between the slits with a midpoint of field observation
This equation is the approach to certain conditions. [5] A more detailed mathematical equations of the double-slit interference in the context of quantum mechanics described in the Englert-Greenberger duality.
5. Diffraction slit compound
Slit diffraction compound (en: Diffraction gratings) mathematically can be seen as interference much point source of light, on the condition that the simplest, namely that occurs in two slit with Fraunhofer approach, the difference in distance between the two slits can be seen on the field of observation as follows:
By calculating maxima:
Where
is a sequence of maxima
is the wavelength
is the distance between slit
and is the angle of constructive interference
And minima equation:
,
In the incident beam at an angle to the plane of obstruction θi, maxima calculation becomes:
Diffracted light from the slit compound can be calculated by the sum of diffraction that occurs in every crevice in the form of convolution of diffraction and interference patterns.
B. PROBLEMS
1. A beam of light having a wavelength of 9450 Å directed perpendicular to a diffraction grating. The maximum interference occurs at an angle of 30 °. Many scratches on the grid every cm is ...
A. 5291 loopholes
B. 5200 loopholes
C. 5560 loopholes
D. 5650 loopholes
5670 E. gap
Discussion:
Is known :
Asked:
Many scratches on the grid for each 1 cm.
Answer:
Many scratches or cracks every 1 cm:
1/18900 x 10-8 cm = 5291 strokes / cm
The correct answer is A.
2. A grating that has 2000 lines per cm, is used to determine the wavelength of light. The angle between the center line and the line of order 1 is 12o (sin 12o = 0.208). What is the wavelength of light?
A. 10400 Å
B. 10000 Å
C. 9640 Å
D. 9550 Å
E. 8750 Å
Discussion:
Is known :
Asked:
Wavelength ?
Answer:
The correct answer is A.
3. A double slit irradiated with light having a wavelength of 560 nm. A screen placed 1 m from the gap. If the distance between the aperture of 0.5 mm, then the distance of two adjacent light band is ...
A. 1.00mm
B. 1.12 mm
C. 1.40 mm
D. 1.60 mm
E. 2,00 mm
Discussion:
Is known :
Asked:
Distance of two adjacent light band (y)
Answer:
The correct answer is B.
PAPER ASSIGNMENT
GROUP DIFFRACTION:
AHMAD Jalaluddin Rabbany
Gina Gigin
ALI Marwan
M.MACHRUS Fachrur Rozi
ARIEF MAULANA
MUHAMMAD AZMI
XII IPA 2
Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 CITY CIREBON
JL.PELANDAKAN KEL.KARYAMULYA KEC.KESAMBI CIREBON CITY POST CODE TELEPHONE 45 135 (0231) 484 510
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